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The fire safety of polymer materials is mainly achieved through two mechanisms: the physical barrier effect of inorganic flame retardants and the chemical intervention of organic flame retardants. Understanding the principles and applicable scenarios of both is key to achieving a balance between fire resistance, mechanical properties, and cost.

Surfactants, as interfacial modifiers, significantly alter the pore structure characteristics of the final product during powder drying by affecting the interactions and packing behavior between particles. This paper systematically explores the influence mechanism, regulation rules, and application significance of surfactants on the pore distribution of dried powders, and analyzes relevant experimental data.

To reduce van der Waals forces between powders, sterically hindered dispersants (such as polymers or graft copolymers) are the most effective choice. They directly weaken intermolecular attraction by forming a physical barrier on the particle surface. The specific choice depends on the dispersion medium (water or organic solvent) and the powder characteristics.

For cross-material bonding (e.g., stone + plastic) → coupling agents For altering the bulk structure (e.g., from linear to network) → cross-linking agents For preventing particle sedimentation (e.g., pigment anti-settling agents) → dispersants

In the coatings industry, there's a saying: "A large bucket of coatings, half a bucket of minerals!" While seemingly exaggerated, this saying reveals the crucial role of non-metallic minerals in coatings.